1. Santayana Atheism

Santayana lived in as a student atSantayana attended and, where he studied under the philosophers and and was involved in eleven clubs as an alternative to athletics. He was founder and president of the Philosophical Club, a member of the literary society known as the O.K., an editor and cartoonist for, and co-founder of the literary journal. In December, 1885, he played the role of Lady Elfrida in the Hasty Pudding theatrical Robin Hood, followed by the production Papillonetta in the spring of his senior year.After graduating from Harvard in 1886, Santayana studied for two years in. He then returned to Harvard to write his dissertation on and teach philosophy, becoming part of the Golden Age of the Harvard philosophy department.

Some of his Harvard students became famous in their own right, including,. Was not among his students but became a friend. From 1896 to 1897, Santayana studied at. Later life.

Although schooled in, Santayana was critical of it and made an effort to distance himself from itsSantayana's main philosophical work consists of (1896), his first book-length monograph and perhaps the first major work on written in the United States; five volumes, 1905–6, the high point of his Harvard career; (1923); and (4 vols., 1927–40). Although Santayana was not a in the mold of, or, The Life of Reason arguably is the first extended treatment of written.Like many of the classical pragmatists, and because he was well-versed in, Santayana was committed to. He believed that human, cultural practices, and social institutions have evolved so as to harmonize with the conditions present in their environment. Their value may then be adjudged by the extent to which they facilitate human happiness. The alternate title to The Life of Reason, 'the Phases of Human Progress,' is indicative of this stance.Santayana was an early adherent of, but also admired the classical of. (Of the three authors on whom he wrote in Three Philosophical Poets, Santayana speaks most favorably of Lucretius).

He held 's writings in high regard, calling him his 'master and model.' Although an, he held a fairly benign view of religion. Santayana's views on religion are outlined in his books Reason in Religion, The Idea of Christ in the Gospels, and Interpretations of Poetry and Religion. Santayana described himself as an '.' He spent the last decade of his life at the Convent of the Blue Nuns of the Little Company of Mary on the at 6 Via Santo Stefano Rotondo in Rome, where he was cared for by the Irish sisters.He held racial superiority and eugenic views.

He believed superior races should be discouraged from 'intermarriage with inferior stock'. Santayana's famous aphorism 'Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it' is inscribed on a plaque at the in translation and English back-translation (above), and on a subway placard in Germany (below)Santayana is remembered in large part for his, many of which have been so frequently used as to have become. His philosophy has not fared quite as well. He is regarded by most as an excellent prose stylist, and Professor (who is sympathetic with much of Santayana's philosophy) writes, in On Santayana, that his eloquence may ironically be the very cause of this neglect.Santayana influenced those around him, including, whom Santayana single-handedly steered away from the ethics of. He also influenced many prominent people such as Harvard students, and Supreme Court Justice, as well as and the poet. Stevens was especially influenced by Santayana's aesthetics and became a friend even though Stevens did not take courses taught by Santayana.Santayana is quoted by the Canadian-American sociologist as a central influence in the thesis of his famous book (1959).

Religious historian credits Santayana with contributing to the early thinking in the development of. English mathematician and philosopher quotes Santayana extensively in his.used Santayana's description of as 'redoubling your effort after you've forgotten your aim' to describe his cartoons starring. Along with and, Santayana is quoted on a military plaque at Veterans Memorial Park in, In popular culture Santayanas passing is referenced in the lyrics to singer-songwriter 's 1989 music single, '.The quote, 'Only the dead have seen the end of war,' is frequently attributed or to; an early example of this misattribution (if indeed, it is misattributed) is found in General Douglas MacArthur's Farewell Speech given to the Corps of Cadets at West Point in 1962.

Awards. Royal Society of Literature Benson Medal, 1925. Columbia University Butler Gold Medal, 1945. Honorary degree from the University of Wisconsin, 1911.Bibliography. Santayana's Reason in Common Sense was published in five volumes between 1905 and 1906 (this edition is from 1920). 1894. Sonnets And Other Verses.

1896. 1899. Lucifer: A Theological Tragedy. 1900.

Interpretations of Poetry and Religion. 1901. A Hermit of Carmel And Other Poems. 1905–1906., 5 vols. 1910. Three Philosophical Poets: Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe.

1913. Winds of Doctrine: Studies in Contemporary Opinion. 1915. Egotism in German Philosophy. 1920. Character and Opinion in the United States: With Reminiscences of William James and Josiah Royce and Academic Life in America. 1920.

Little Essays, Drawn From the Writings of George Santayana. By Logan Pearsall Smith, With the Collaboration of the Author. 1922. 1922. Poems. 1923. 1926.

Dialogues in Limbo. 1927. Platonism and the Spiritual Life. 1927–40., 4 vols. 1931.

The Genteel Tradition at Bay. 1933.

Some Turns of Thought in Modern Philosophy: Five Essays. 1935. 1936. Obiter Scripta: Lectures, Essays and Reviews. And Benjamin Schwartz, eds.

1944. Persons and Places. 1945. The Middle Span. 1946.

The Idea of Christ in the Gospels; or, God in Man: A Critical Essay. 1948. Dialogues in Limbo, With Three New Dialogues. 1951. Dominations and Powers: Reflections on Liberty, Society, and Government. 1953.

My Host The WorldPosthumous edited/selected works. 1955. The Letters of George Santayana. Daniel Cory, ed. Charles Scribner's Sons.

(296 letters). 1956. Essays in Literary Criticism of George Santayana., ed. 1957. The Idler and His Works, and Other Essays.

Daniel Cory, ed. 1967. The Genteel Tradition: Nine Essays by George Santayana. Wilson, ed. Ciel gestion commerciale.

1967. George Santayana's America: Essays on Literature and Culture. James Ballowe, ed.

1967. Animal Faith and Spiritual Life: Previously Unpublished and Uncollected Writings by George Santayana With Critical Essays on His Thought. John Lachs, ed. 1968. Santayana on America: Essays, Notes, and Letters on American Life, Literature, and Philosophy. Richard Colton Lyon, ed.

1968. Selected Critical Writings of George Santayana, 2 vols. Norman Henfrey, ed. 1969.

Physical Order and Moral Liberty: Previously Unpublished Essays of George Santayana. John and Shirley Lachs, eds. 1979. The Complete Poems of George Santayana: A Critical Edition. Edited, with an introduction, by W. Bucknell University Press. 1995.

The Birth of Reason and Other Essays. Daniel Cory, ed., with an Introduction by Herman J. Saatkamp, Jr. Columbia Univ. Press. 2009.

The Essential Santayana. Selected Writings Edited by the Santayana Edition, Compiled and with an introduction by Martin A. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

2009. The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy and Character and Opinion in the United States (Rethinking the Western Tradition), Edited and with an introduction by and contributions by, and James Seaton Yale University Press.The Works of George Santayana Unmodernized, critical editions of George Santayana's published and unpublished writing. The Works is edited by the Santayana Edition and published by The MIT Press. 1986. Persons and Places. Santayana's autobiography, incorporating Persons and Places, 1944; The Middle Span, 1945; and My Host the World, 1953. 1988 (1896).

1990 (1900). Interpretations of Poetry and Religion. 1994 (1935). The Letters of George Santayana. Containing over 3,000 of his letters, many discovered posthumously, to more than 350 recipients. 2001. Book One, 1868–1909.

2001. Book Two, 1910–1920. 2002.

Book Three, 1921–1927. 2003. Book Four, 1928–1932.

2003. Book Five, 1933–1936. 2004. Book Six, 1937–1940. 2006. Book Seven, 1941–1947.

2008. Book Eight, 1948–1952. 2011.

George Santayana's Marginalia: A Critical Selection, Books 1 and 2. Compiled by John O. McCormick and edited by Kristine W. Frost. in five books. 2011 (1905). Reason in Common Sense.

2013 (1905). Reason in Society.

2014 (1905). Reason in Religion. 2019 (1910). Three Philosophical Poets: Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe, Critical Edition, Edited by Kellie Dawson and David E. Spiech, with an introduction by James SeatonSee also. Shook (ed.), Continuum, 2005, p. 1499.

George Santayana, 'Apologia Pro Mente Sua,' in P. Schilpp, The Philosophy of George Santayana, (1940), 603. George Santayana (1905) Reason in Common Sense, p. 284, volume 1 of. George Santayana (1922) Soliloquies in England and Later Soliloquies, number 25. Lovely, Edward W.

(Sep 28, 2012). George Santayana's Philosophy of Religion: His Roman Catholic Influences and Phenomenology. Lexington Books. Pp. 1, 204–206. See his letters and works (such as Persons and Places; Soliloquies in England and Later Soliloquies). Parri, Alice Two Harvard Friends: Charles Loeser and George Santayana. Garrison, Lloyd McKim, An Illustrated History of the Hasty Pudding Club Theatricals, Cambridge, Hasty Pudding Club, 1897.

2012-01-03 at the, ’Phi Beta Kappa website’’, accessed Oct 4, 2009. P. 1555. Lensing, George S. Wallace Stevens: A Poet's Growth.

A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge. Saatkamp, Herman; Coleman, Martin (1 January 2014). Zalta, Edward N. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

The Letters of George Santayana: Book Eight, 1948–1952 By George Santayana p 8:39. 'My atheism, like that of Spinoza, is true piety towards the universe, and denies only gods fashioned by men in their own image, to be servants of their human interests.' George Santayana, 'On My Friendly Critics,' in Soliloquies in England and Later Soliloquies, 1922 (from Rawson's Dictionary of American Quotations via credoreference.com). Accessed August 1, 2008. 'Santayana playfully called himself 'a Catholic atheist,' but in spite of the fact that he deliberately immersed himself in the stream of Catholic religious life, he never took the sacraments. He neither literally regarded himself as a Catholic nor did Catholics regard him as a Catholic.' Empiricism, Theoretical Constructs, and God, by Kai Nielsen, The Journal of Religion, Vol.

3 (Jul., 1974), pp. 205), published by The University of Chicago Press. Santayana, George (2015-11-26). Michael K.

Bertrand Russell’s Ethics. London and New York: Continuum, 2006. Xiii, 185., p.4. Lensing, George S. Wallace Stevens: A Poet's Growth.

Archived from on 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2014-01-07. CS1 maint: archived copy as title. Saatkamp, Herman, 'George Santayana,' The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL =.

Religious Naturalism Today, pp. 21–37. Whitehead, A.N. Process and Reality.

An Essay in Cosmology. Gifford Lectures Delivered in the University of Edinburgh During the Session 1927–1928, Macmillan, New York, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK. See the sixth paragraph, by Terry Teachout, The Wall Street Journal, November 25, 2003, (Archived at ). Retrieved 2016-09-25. SUZANNE, Bernard F. Retrieved 2018-04-29. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Retrieved 2018-04-29. Archived from on 2013-09-18. Retrieved 2014-01-07.

CS1 maint: archived copy as title. George Santayana; William G. Holzberger (Editor). The Letters of George Santayana, Book Seven, 1941-1947.

(MIT Press (MA), Hardcover, 560, 569pp.) (p. Archived from on 2013-09-28.Further reading. George Santayanaat Wikipedia's. from Wikimedia Commons. from Wikiquote.

from Wikisource. from Wikidata. at. at (Canada).

Santayana Atheism

at. Saatkamp, Herman. Includes a complete bibliography of the primary literature, and a fair selection of the secondary literature. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: by Matthew C. Flamm.

at (public domain audiobooks).: Bulletin of the Santayana Society.: Spanish-English Blog about Santayana. at. at. (1934).

Harvard Crimson death notice of 29 September 1952.